چرخش در سیاستگذاری خارجی: نگاهی به سیاست همسایگی دولت رئیسی درخصوص کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استاد روابط بین الملل، عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

10.22103/jogapp.2025.26421.1005

چکیده

یکی از اصول موفقیت و کارامدی سیاست خارجی دولتها انطباق آن با شرایط و مقضیات زمان و نظام بین الملل است. محدودیت‌ها و مقدورات دولتها در گذر زمان ثابت نمی ماند و این نکته می‌طلبد که دولتها پیوسته وضعیت خود را از بعد داخلی و خارجی ارزیابی و در سیاست‌های گذشته بارنگری نمایند. دولت سید ابراهیم رئیسی را در زمره دوره‌هایی باید درنظر گرفت که سیاست خارجی ایران در بعد منطقه‌ای دچار تحول گردد. مقاله حاضر می‌کوشد تا به سه سوال درباره این سیاست خارجی جدید پاسخ ‌دهد: 1- هدف دولت ابراهیم رئیسی از پیگیری سیاست همسایگی چه بود؟ 2- الزامات این سیاست خارجی درخصوص توسعه روابط با همسایگان جنوبی ایران چه بودند؟ و 3- چه موانعی پیش روی دولت سیزدهم برای اجرای آن قرار داشت؟ برای پاسخ به این سوالات از روش تبیینی- تحلیلی استفاده گردید. یافته های پژوهش، هدف دولت از پیگیری این سیاست را نظم‌‌سازی ژئواکونومیکی، متنوع‌سازی خوشه‌‌های نفوذ ژئواکونومیکی، نهادینه کردن آرامش و تفاهم در محیط پیرامون و دور کردن اعراب از اسرائیل یافت. همچنین الزمات سیاست همسایگی در چهار مورد بررسی گردید: 1- انتخاب جهت گیری مناسب برای سیاست خارجی (اتحاد و ائتلاف)، 2- برعهده گرفتن و اجرای نقش مناسب در سیاست خارجی(دولت میانجی و پیوند دهنده)، 3- پرهیز از اقدامات تحریک‌آمیز و نگران کننده در منطقه، 4- یکی شدن دغدغه‌‌‌‌‌‌‌های امنیتی ایران با همسایگان و پذیرش مسوولیت جمعی در تأمین امنیت منطقه. علاوه بر این؛ موانع پیگیری و اجرای سیاست همسایگی توسط ایران در سه بعد ملی، منطقه‌‌ای و بین‌المللی توضیح داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Abedi, Akbar, & Mirmohammadi, Mehdi. (2021). Neighborhood policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Necessities and requirements. Tehran: Moasseseh Abrar-e Moaser Tehran. [In Persian]
Abbasi Khoshkar, Amir. (2021). Neighborhood policy strategy and multilateral geo-economic order-making; The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Eurasian Economic Union. International Organizations, 5(2), 197–216. [In Persian].
Aboudi, Sami, & Fahmy, Omar. (2017, May 2). Powerful Saudi Prince sees no chance for dialogue with Iran. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-prince-iran/powerful-saudi-prince-sees-no-chance-for-dialogue-with-iran-idUSKBN17Y1FK
Acharya, Amitav, & Buzan, Barry. (2010). Why is there no non-Western international relations theory? In Amitav Acharya & Barry Buzan, Non-Western international relations theory perspectives on and beyond Asia. Routledge.
Al Nofal, Walid. (2020, January 14). Iran’s post-Soleimani strategy in Syria. Syria Direct. https://syriadirect.org/irans-post-soleimani-strategy-in-syria/
Amirabdollahian, Hossein. (2021, October 8). Amirabdollahian: We have reached specific agreements with Saudi Arabia. Tasnim News Agency. https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1400/07/16/2585901[In Persian]
Arabpour, Amirhossein. (2019). Iran's economic diplomacy with neighbors. Iran Think Tanks. https://iranthinktanks.com/iran-economic-diplomacy-with-neighbors[In Persian]
Bagheri Dolatabadi, Ali. (2022). Ontological security and Iran’s missile program. All Azimuth, 11(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.1150303
Bagheri Dolatabadi, Ali, & Kamrava, Mehran. (2021). The Covid-19 pandemic and Iranian health diplomacy. Middle East Policy, 28(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12592
Bagheri Dolatabadi, Ali, & Kamrava, Mehran. (2022). Iran’s changing naval strategy in the Persian Gulf: Motives and features. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2022.2105815
Bagheri Dolatabadi, Ali, & Shafiei Seifabadi, Mohsen. (2021). Iran's foreign policy from 1979 to 2021: A look from inside. Tehran: Tisa. [In Persian]
Beck, Earl R. (1939). The Good Neighbor Policy, 1933-1938. The Historian, 1(2), 110–131.
Borzooei, Mohammad Reza, Tamadon, Amir Reza, & Jahanbazi Goojani, Reza. (2021). Saudi Arabia's cyber diplomacy with Iran on Twitter; Case study of riots in January 2017. Bi-quarterly Scientific Journal of Religion & Communication, 28(1), 33–66.
Burchill, Scott. (2005). Liberalism. In Scott Burchill et al., Theories of international relations (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Buzan, Barry. (2002). The Middle East a structure always prone to conflict. (Ahmad Sadeghi, Trans.). Foreign Policy, 16(3), 633–680. [In Persian].
Buzan, Barry. (2016). Could IR be different? International Studies Review, 18(1), 155–157.
Detsch, Jack. (2019, September 30). Trump intensifies ‘Arab NATO’ talks after Iran strike. Al-Monitor. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2019/09/trump-intensifies-arab-nato-talks-iran-strike.html
Dunne, Tim, Kurki, Milja, & Smith, Steve. (2013). International relations theories. Oxford University Press.
Ekhtiari Amiri, Reza, & Mohammadi, Mohammadreza. (2021). The impact of the Zionist regime's relations with the Persian Gulf countries on Iran's neighborhood policy. Foreign Policy, 35(3), 129–150. [In Persian].
Elahi, N., Masoumzadeh, E., Kiaalhosseini, Z., & Arabi, H. (2020). Regionalism and its economic effects on Iran in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model: A case study of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). International Economics Studies, 50(2), 29–26. https://doi.org/10.22108/IES.2020.116971.1065
England, Andrew, & Al-Atrush, Samer. (2022, May 22). Saudi Arabia signals support for Russia’s role in Opec+ as sanctions pressure mounts. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/87ac05cd-d1e4-4495-8064-60d97b17f5f4
European Commission. (2015, November 18). Review of the European Neighbourhood Policy. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-01/151118_joint-communication_review-of-the-enp_en.pdf
Ghorbani, Vahid. (2021). The evolution of contemporary China's neighborhood policy: Trends, features and initiatives. Foreign Policy, 35(3), 65–90. [In Persian]
Goldberg, J. (2018, April 2). Saudi Crown Prince: Iran’s Supreme Leader ‘makes Hitler look good’. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/
Grumet, Tali Rachel. (2015). New Middle East Cold War: Saudi Arabia and Iran's rivalry [Master's thesis, University of Denver]. Digital Commons @ DU. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1028
Holsti, Kalvi Jako. (1994). Fundamentals of international politics analysis (Bahram Mostaghimi & Masoud Taremsari, Trans.) Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Printing and Publications Center. [In Persian]
Hiltermann, Joost. (2018, February 13). Russia can keep the peace between Israel and Iran. The Atlantic. https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/iran/russia-can-keep-peace-between-israel-and-iran
Hobbes, Thomas. (2011). Leviathan. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform.
Hosseini, Mohammad Taghi. (2021). The policy of good neighborliness and the necessity of confidence building in the Persian Gulf. Foreign Policy, 35(3), 35–48. [In Persian]
Ighani, Helia. (2016, October 25). Managing the Saudi-Iran rivalry. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05680
Iran Newspaper. (2022, October 12). 24 billion dollars of trade with neighbors. https://www.pishkhan.com/news/280621[In Persian]
Iran Trade Promotion Organization. (2022). Trade statistics - Selected markets. https://tpo.ir [In Persian]
Jamshidi, Mohammad. (2021, December 11). Iran's neighborhood policy has been effective in the last one hundred days. Borna News Agency. https://www.borna.news/fa/tiny/news-1272680 [In Persian]
Jongberg, Kirsten, & Others. (2021). The European Neighbourhood Policy. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/
Kalicka-Mikolajczyk, Adriana. (2019). The good neighbourliness principle in relations between the European Union and its Eastern European neighbours. Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review, 9(1), 137–150.
Kamrava, Mehran, & Bagheri Dolatabadi, Ali. (2024). Iran's Neighborhood Policy: Parameters, Objectives, and Obstacles. Middle East Policy, 31(4), 56-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12781
Katz, Mark N. (2018). Russia and Israel: An improbable friendship. In Russia's return to the Middle East; Building sandcastle? (pp. 103–108). European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
Khabar Online. (2021, August 21). Amirabdollahian's plans for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1546869 [In Persian]
Khabar Online. (2021, June 7). Ebrahim Raisi's promise to lift sanctions if he becomes president https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1523373 [In Persian]
Khalili, Mohsen. (2018). Iran, the country with many neighbors, and multi-neighborhood foreign policy. Political Geography Research, 3(3), 123–146. [In Persian].
Kinninmont, J. (2015, May 7). Saudi Arabia reshuffle presages more assertive foreign policy. Chatham House. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2015/05/saudi-arabia-reshuffle-presages-more-assertive-foreign-policy
Lin, Christina. (2015). Syrian buffer zone–Turkey-Qatar pipeline. ISPSW Strategy Series: Focus on Defense and International Security, 367(1), 1–5.
Lin, Dalton K. (2010, June). Good neighbor or bad neighbor? Explaining China's neighborhood policies. [Paper presentation]. 16th Annual North America Taiwan Studies Conference.
Matiesen, Toby. (2019). The Shia of Saudi Arabia: Shia, resistance, sectarianism (Abouzar Rafiee Ghahsareh & Ebrahim Barzegar, Trans.) Tehran: Sarv Andisheh. [In Persian]
Mearsheimer, John Joseph. (1994-1995). The false promise of international institutions. International Security, 19(3), 5–49.
Mohammadi, Manouchehr. (2005). The global reflection of the Islamic Revolution. Islamic Revolution Studies Quarterly, 8(2), 51–84. [In Persian]
Nissenbaum, Dion. (2022, April 10). Israel’s ‘war between the wars’ with Iran expands across Middle East. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/israels-war-between-the-wars-with-iran-expands-across-middle-east-11649595603
Nye, Joseph Samuel. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. Public Affairs.
Parker, Claire, & Noack, Rick. (2020, January 3). Iran has invested in allies and proxies across the Middle East. Here’s where they stand after Soleimani’s death. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/01/03/iran-has-invested-allies-proxies-across-middle-east-heres-where-they-stand-after-soleimanis-death/
Plan and Budget Organization. (2017). The law of the fifth five-year development plan for economic, social and cultural development of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Country Plan and Budget Organization. [In Persian]
Raisi, Seyed Ebrahim. (2021, July 24). Raisi: Dialogue with neighbors will be the priority of the 13th government's diplomacy. IRNA News Agency. https://www.irna.ir/news/84414800 [In Persian]
Rezaei, Farhad. (2019). Iran’s foreign policy after the nuclear agreement politics of normalizers and traditionalists. Springer.
Robinson, Kali. (2022, October 18). How much influence does Iran have in Iraq? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/how-much-influence-does-iran-have-iraq
Sabaghian, Ali. (2022). Foundations and functions of the European Neighborhood Policy; Lessons for Iran's neighborhood policy. Fundamental and Applied Studies of the Islamic World, 3(10), 8–54. [In Persian]
Safavian, Seyed Hamzeh, & Farhadi, Farshid. (2021). Neighborhood policy: An approach for the Islamic Republic of Iran in the regional order of West Asia. Foreign Policy, 35(3), 5–34. [In Persian]
Salama, Samir. (2021, March 14). Saudi Arabia: World must prevent Iran from developing missile programme. Gulf News. https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/saudi-arabia-world-must-prevent-iran-from-developing-missile-programme-1.77821445
Sepehri, Karim, Qazvini, Hossein, & Poulimi, Rahman. (2000). Structural requirements for the development of non-oil exports. Economic Research and Policies, 13(1), 23–47. [In Persian]
Sheykholeslami, Mohammad Hassan. (2022, January 25). Speech at the National Conference on Neighborhoodhood. Tehran: Center for Political and International Studies. [In Persian]
Shirgholami, Khalil. (2021). The neighborhood policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Economic foundations. Foreign Policy, 35(3), 49–64. [In Persian]
Shuyong, Guo, & Boran, Li. (2020). The myth of the new Cold War. Chinese Journal of International Review, 2(2), 1–16.
Simbar, Reza, & Gholamnia, Hadi. (2021). Economic diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the Eurasian Economic Union; A case study of tariff cooperation. Central Asia and The Caucasus Journal, 27(113), 1–20. [In Persian]
Smith, Karen E. (2005). The outsiders: The European Neighbourhood Policy. International Affairs, 81(4), 757–773.
Szczudlik-Tatar, J. (2015). Dual-track neighbourhood policy: Solidifying China's leadership in Asia (Bulletin No. 758). The Polish Institute of International Affairs. 
Tahaie, Seyed Javad, & Mousavi Nia, Seyed Reza. (2013). Neighborhood; A theory for Iran's foreign policy. Islamic Politics Research, 1(4), 165–192. [In Persian]
The White House. (2021). Interim national security strategic guidance. The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NSC-1v2.pdf
Tickner, Arlene B. (2016). Knowledge is power: Challenging IR’s Eurocentric narrative. International Studies Review, 18(1), 157–159.
Trenin, Dmitri. (2018). What drives Russia’s policy in the Middle East? In Nicu Popescu & Stanislav Secrieru (Eds.), Russia's return to the Middle East (pp. 21–28). European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
Tulmets, Elsa. (2006). The European Neighbourhood Policy: A framework for modernisation? European University Institute. https://www.eui.eu/documents/departmentscentres/law/professors/cremona/theeuropeanneighbourhoodpolicy/papertulmets.pdf
Waltz, Kenneth. (1979). Theory of international politics. McGraw-Hill.
Waltz, Kenneth. (1991). America as a model for the world? A foreign policy perspective. PS: Political Science & Politics, 24(4), 667–670. https://doi.org/10.2307/419401
Walzer, Michael. (1977). Just and unjust wars: A moral argument with historical illustrations. Basic Books.
Wood, Bryce. (1961). The making of the Good Neighbor Policy. Columbia University Press.
Zimmern, Sir Alfred. (1936). The League of Nations and the rule of law. Macmillan.